Arithmetic Progression l Exercise 5.2 l Class 10 l NCERT Solutions

EXERCISE 5.2

Fill in the blanks using the formula:

Formula: aₙ = a + (n − 1)d


(i)

Given: a = 7, d = 3, n = 8

Step 1: Use formula

aₙ = a + (n − 1)d

Step 2: Substitute values

a₈ = 7 + (8 − 1) × 3

Step 3: Simplify

a₈ = 7 + (7 × 3)

a₈ = 7 + 21

a₈ = 28


(ii)

Given: a = −18, n = 10, aₙ = 0

Step 1: Use formula

0 = −18 + (10 − 1)d

Step 2: Simplify

0 = −18 + 9d

Step 3: Solve for d

18 = 9d

d = 2


(iii)

Given: d = −3, n = 18, aₙ = −5

Step 1: Use formula

−5 = a + (18 − 1)(−3)

Step 2: Simplify

−5 = a + 17(−3)

−5 = a − 51

Step 3: Solve for a

a = −5 + 51

a = 46


(iv)

Given: a = −18.9, d = 2.5, aₙ = 3.6

Step 1: Use formula

3.6 = −18.9 + (n − 1) × 2.5

Step 2: Simplify

3.6 + 18.9 = (n − 1) × 2.5

22.5 = (n − 1) × 2.5

Step 3: Solve

22.5 ÷ 2.5 = n − 1

9 = n − 1

n = 10


(v)

Given: a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 105

Step 1: Use formula

aₙ = 3.5 + (105 − 1) × 0

Step 2: Simplify

aₙ = 3.5 + 0

aₙ = 3.5


Final Answers:

(i) a₈ = 28

(ii) d = 2

(iii) a = 46

(iv) n = 10

(v) a₁₀₅ = 3.5



Exercise 5.2 – Stepwise Solutions

Formula Used: aₙ = a + (n − 1)d


2. Choose the correct option

(i) AP: 10, 7, 4, …

a = 10, d = −3

a₃₀ = 10 + (30 − 1)(−3)

= 10 + 29(−3)

= 10 − 87

= −77

Answer: (C) −77

(ii) AP: −3, −1/2, 2, …

d = (−1/2 + 3) = 5/2

a₁₁ = −3 + (11 − 1)(5/2)

= −3 + 10 × 5/2

= −3 + 25

= 22

Answer: (B) 22


3. Missing terms

(i) 2, __, 26

Let common difference = d

26 = 2 + 2d

24 = 2d

d = 12

Missing term = 2 + 12 = 14

(ii) __, 13, __, 3

Let first term = a

3 = a + 3d

13 = a + d

Subtract:

3 − 13 = (a + 3d) − (a + d)

−10 = 2d

d = −5

a = 13 − (−5) = 18

Missing terms: 18, 8

(iii) 5, __, __, 9 1/2

9.5 = 5 + 3d

4.5 = 3d

d = 1.5

Terms: 6.5, 8

(iv) −4, __, __, __, __, 6

6 = −4 + 5d

10 = 5d

d = 2

Terms: −2, 0, 2, 4

(v) __, 38, __, __, __, −22

Let first term = a

−22 = a + 5d

38 = a + d

Subtract:

−60 = 4d

d = −15

a = 38 − (−15) = 53

Terms: 53, 38, 23, 8, −7, −22


4.

AP: 3, 8, 13, 18, …

a = 3, d = 5

78 = 3 + (n − 1)5

75 = 5(n − 1)

n − 1 = 15

n = 16


5.

(i) 7, 13, 19, …, 205

a = 7, d = 6

205 = 7 + (n − 1)6

198 = 6(n − 1)

n − 1 = 33

n = 34

(ii) 18, 15 1/2, 13, …, −47

d = −2.5

−47 = 18 + (n − 1)(−2.5)

−65 = −2.5(n − 1)

n − 1 = 26

n = 27


6.

AP: 11, 8, 5, 2…

a = 11, d = −3

150 = 11 + (n − 1)(−3)

139 = −3(n − 1)

No natural solution

150 is not a term.


7.

a₁₁ = 38 → a + 10d = 38

a₁₆ = 73 → a + 15d = 73

Subtract:

5d = 35

d = 7

a = −32

a₃₁ = −32 + 30×7 = 178


8.

Given: a₃ = 12 → a + 2d = 12

a₅₀ = 106 → a + 49d = 106

Subtract:

47d = 94

d = 2

a = 8

a₂₉ = 8 + 28×2 = 64


9.

a₃ = 4 → a + 2d = 4

a₉ = −8 → a + 8d = −8

Subtract:

6d = −12

d = −2

a = 8

0 = 8 + (n − 1)(−2)

n = 5


10.

a₁₇ − a₁₀ = 7

[a +16d] − [a +9d] = 7

7d = 7

d = 1


11.

AP: 3, 15, 27, 39…

a = 3, d = 12

aₙ − a₅₄ = 132

(n − 54)12 = 132

n − 54 = 11

n = 65


12.

Difference between 100th terms = 100

Difference between 1000th terms = 100


13.

Smallest 3-digit multiple of 7 = 105

Largest = 994

n = 128


14.

Multiples of 4 between 10 and 250:

12 to 248

Total terms = 60


15.

63 + (n − 1)2 = 3 + (n − 1)7

60 = 5(n − 1)

n = 13


16.

a₃ = 16 → a + 2d = 16

a₇ − a₅ = 12

(a +6d) − (a +4d) = 12

2d = 12

d = 6

a = 4

Required AP: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, …

 

Exercise 5.2 – Questions 17 to 20 (Stepwise Solutions)

Exercise 5.2 – Stepwise Solutions (Q17–20)

Formula Used:

aₙ = a + (n − 1)d


17. Find the 20th term from the last term of the AP: 3, 8, 13, …, 253

Step 1: Identify values

a = 3, d = 5, last term = 253

Step 2: Find total number of terms

253 = 3 + (n − 1)5

250 = 5(n − 1)

n − 1 = 50

n = 51

Total terms = 51

Step 3: 20th term from last = (51 − 20 + 1)th term

= 32nd term

Step 4: Find 32nd term

a₃₂ = 3 + (32 − 1)5

= 3 + 31×5

= 3 + 155

= 158

Answer: 158


18. Sum of 4th and 8th terms is 24 and sum of 6th and 10th terms is 44

Let first term = a, common difference = d

a₄ = a + 3d

a₈ = a + 7d

Equation (1):

(a + 3d) + (a + 7d) = 24

2a + 10d = 24

a + 5d = 12

a₆ = a + 5d

a₁₀ = a + 9d

Equation (2):

(a + 5d) + (a + 9d) = 44

2a + 14d = 44

a + 7d = 22

Step 2: Subtract equations

(a + 7d) − (a + 5d) = 22 − 12

2d = 10

d = 5

Step 3: Substitute d = 5

a + 5(5) = 12

a + 25 = 12

a = −13

First three terms:

−13, −8, −3


19. Subba Rao Salary Problem

Given:

a = 5000

d = 200

Target salary = 7000

Step 1:

7000 = 5000 + (n − 1)200

2000 = 200(n − 1)

n − 1 = 10

n = 11

Step 2: Year calculation

Starting year = 1995

11th year = 1995 + 10

= 2005

Answer: 2005


20. Ramkali Weekly Savings

Given:

a = 5

d = 1.75

aₙ = 20.75

Step 1:

20.75 = 5 + (n − 1)1.75

Step 2:

15.75 = 1.75(n − 1)

n − 1 = 9

n = 10

Answer: n = 10

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